Did not bleed during my first intercourse

Dear doctor,
I have been bothered by the fact that I did not bleed during my first intercourse. Was it that I was born without hymen or may be I lost my virginity as a baby? Although am now a mother of four. I can’t help but think about it at times.

Worried Mother.


Dear Worried Mother,

Yes, bleeding signifies a woman’s broken seal, the passage of the girl status into womanhood. But not all women bleed the first time. This is due to a wide range of possible reasons.

If you were not abused as a child, then it could be that you were into rigorous exercises or sports before you slept with a man. Some strenuous sports like running, horse riding can break the hymen which as a matter of fact is a very delicate seal. It doesn’t take much energy to have it broken; so, it could be broken without a woman sleeping with a man. For the experienced man, only the tightness of the passage would tell him the condition of the woman; whereas, some need the physical evidence of blood to be convinced they are meeting her intact.

And in some cases, some women have been deflowered by tampons or the questing fingers of their lovers. Tampons can break the seal easily because it is inserted into the woman’s body to absorb her flow unlike the conventional pad that is placed at the entrance of her body to absorb her flow. There is no way she would know that her hymen has been broken because it will come out with her flow as blood.

Like the tampon, the fingers too can easily break the fine film covering of a woman’s body.

What is important is the level of trust the woman is able to command from her man. If you have had four children and not once given your husband reason to doubt you, he will always cherish and take pride in your honour as a woman any day.

That is what is most important at the end of the day. It doesn’t matter whether you knew how you were deflowered or not.

Source: Adam

Natural Therapies for Blocked Fallopian Tubes

While there are many causes of infertility, a blockage of the fallopian tubes is often the reason why many women are unable to conceive. The fallopian tubes are the pathways in which the ova travel from the ovaries down into the uterus, and if there is a blockage in these tubes it can prevent this from occurring.
The fallopian tubes can sometimes become blocked or even damaged due to certain conditions that a woman may suffer from. In rare cases, the blockage to the fallopian tubes may have been present since birth as a birth defect, but have went undetected until the woman reached adulthood and tried to conceive.

Get to Know Your Fallopian Tubes

The fallopian tubes connect to the uterus at the utero-tubal junction where the fallopian tubes open into the uterine cavity. These very thin tubules are lined with cilia, which are fine hair-like cells. From there they extend out and slightly around toward the ovaries on both side of female body.
The fallopian tubes are described in sections for medical reference. The infundibulum is the end near the ovary that is associated with the fimbriae. The fimbriae is a fringe of tissue at the distal end (opening side toward the ovary) of the fallopian tubes. The fimbriae are covered in cilia, which look like tiny hairs. Just prior to ovulation sex hormones signal the fimbriae to fill with blood and move to touch the ovary in a gentle sweeping motion. When an oocyte (ova) is released at ovulation, the fimbria and cilia sweep the oocyte into the fallopian tube to be moved toward the uterus to wait for fertilization.

The ampullary is the section of lateral tube (central section moving toward the uterus). The ampullary is the main part of the fallopian tube. From there, moving inward toward the uterus the tube narrows into what is known as the isthmus. The isthmus is the part connected to the uterus at the utero-tubal junction.

Cells of the Fallopian Tubes are Affected by Hormones
There are two types of cells within the fallopian tubes. Ciliated cells are most abundant in the infundibulum and ampullary. Estrogen increases the production of cilia cells in the fallopian tubes. Scattered between the ciliated cells are peg cells which produce tubular fluid. This fluid contains important nutrients for both sperm, oocytes (ova), and zygotes (fertilized ova). The secretions also promote capacitation of the sperm. You may not know it, but the sperm cannot mature for complete fertilization without this important fluid. Progesterone increases the number of peg cells. Estrogen increases the height and secretory activity of the peg cells. In addition, tubal fluid flows against the action of the cilia, near the fimbriated end. Not only is progesterone and estrogen balance vital to the menstrual cycle overall, but it is vital to the health and proper function of the fallopian tubes as well.


Causes of Blocked Fallopian Tubes
Location and Types of Blockages

There are different types of fallopian tube blockages. Because the fallopian tubes have different parts and are a tube, there may be different parts of the tube blocked. Each section has its own name. Doctors have also come to find out that there are patterns of disease or trauma that may affect certain parts of the fallopian tubes more than others.

Proximal tubal occlusion involves the isthmus. This can occur after infection such as complications from abortion, missed miscarriage, cesarean section or PID. Permanent birth control procedures like Essure block the isthmus.

Midsegment tubal obstruction of the ampullary is most often due to tubal ligation damage. Tubal ligation is a surgical procedure to permanently prevent pregnancy. Some women who have had tubal ligation change their mind later in life and choose to have this procedure reversed. This can be done surgically and has a 75% pregnancy success rate. Tubal ligation removal comes with its own risk for development of more scar tissue on top of scar tissue already present from the initial tubal ligation procedure.

Distal tubal occlusion is the type of blockage that affects the part of the fallopian tube end towards the ovary. This type of blockage is typically associated with hydrosalpinx. Hydrosalpinx is often caused by Chlamydia trachomatis infection, which is a sexually transmitted disease. Untreated Chlamydia is known to cause both pelvic and fallopian tube adhesions.

In less severe cases only the fimbriae may be damaged. They may become stuck together in masses or may be damaged enough to no longer function as they should. As we learned above, the fimbriae have the important role of sweeping the oocyte (ova) into the fallopian tube for fertilization. If they no longer function then the oocyte never makes it to its destination for fertilization.

Damage to any part of the fallopian tubes can also be caused by ectopic pregnancy, PID, endometriosis, uterine fibroids or abdominal surgery.

Common conditions that may cause blocked fallopian tubes are:

Endometriosis
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Uterine Fibroids
Ectopic pregnancy
Tubal Ligation Removal
Complications from lower abdominal surgery such as Cesarean section
Genital Tuberculosis (still common in developing countries, especially India)
Endometriosis and Fibroid tumors are both conditions which are becoming present in more women every year. In fact, an astounding 13.6 million women in the United States alone suffer from mild to severe endometriosis.

Pelvic inflammatory disease is another common condition which women suffer from. Pelvic inflammatory disease or PID, is an umbrella term for a number of different problems that create an inflammatory infection in the female reproductive system. PID is almost always the direct result of a sexually transmitted disease, such as gonorrhea or chlamydia, and is responsible for about 100,000 cases of female infertility per year.

All of these conditions can cause blockage to the fallopian tubes by having adhesions, scar tissue, tumors or polyps form inside the path of the tube. The fallopian tubes may also become stuck to other parts of the internal body; the bladder, ovaries, uterus, bowels, etc. Damaged fallopian tubes can become twisted or the walls of the tubes themselves may adhere together causing a total blockage.

Partially damaged fallopian tubes may remain open enough for pregnancy to occur, but a partial blockage increases the risk for ectopic pregnancy. The fallopian tubes are very thin to begin with, it does not take much for them to become blocked, preventing the ova from traveling through. Studies have shown that low progesterone levels, smoking and use of fertility medications may alter how the fallopian tubes function, which increases risk for ectopic pregnancy. Any of the conditions above may cause a partial tubal blockage as well, which also increases risk for ectopic pregnancy.

Diagnosing Blocked Fallopian Tubes
There really are no outward signs that will let you know if you are suffering from blocked fallopian tubes. If you have ever suffered from pelvic inflammatory disease, there is however a very good chance that your tubes are blocked, as doctors estimate that at least three out of four women that have had a sexually transmitted disease do suffer from tubal blockage.

The primary indicator that there is a blockage is an inability to conceive. Fortunately, there are medical tests that detect any abnormalities or blockages. If there is evidence of some type of blockage to the tubes, further investigation is generally performed using a laparoscope which will help the doctor actually see into the fallopian tubes. Here are details on how blocked fallopian tubes are diagnosed…

Hysterosalpingogram (HSG)
Hysterosalpingogram is an X-ray test, using a contrast dye to view any obstruction in the fallopian tubes. The dye is inserted through a thin tube that is placed up through the vagina, into the uterus. Filling the uterus with this dye will then spill into the fallopian tubes. X-rays are then taken to determine if there is an injury or abnormal shape of the uterus and fallopian tubes, including obstruction in the tubes. This test is the number one test performed to determine if there is a blockage in the fallopian tubes.

Chromotubation
This test is similar to hysterosalpingogram because chromotubation includes dye being passed into the uterus and fallopian tubes as well. This test is performed during laparoscopy, so that doctors can see the dye spilling from the fallopian tube. The dye used for this procedure cannot be seen on an X-ray, it is blue in color. This test is considered the most reliable way to determine fallopian tube blockage, but does require surgery.

Sonohysterography
This is a non-invasive procedure where ultrasound imaging is used to determine if there are any abnormalities of the reproductive organs. This type of test is not always a reliable way to determine fallopian tube blockage since the tubes are so small. This test may help to determine hydrosalpinx or other issues such as uterine fibroids.

Medical Procedures to Open Blocked Fallopian Tubes
Thousands of women are diagnosed with blocked fallopian tubes each year and the number one question on their minds…how can I reopen them? There are many options for healing the fallopian tubes and in many cases they can become open once again. It is important to recognize that the fallopian tubes are about the size of a spaghetti noodle in width. Once they are damaged it may be difficult to reverse that damage. They are very delicate. Any sort of trauma can alter their function and damage the tubal tissues. Below are a variety of medical options for reopening the fallopian tubes.

Surgical Options
Tubal surgical procedures can either be done by open abdominal surgery or laparoscopy (small incision).

Salpingectomy
This procedure is the removal of part of the fallopian tube. This is commonly performed for hydrosalpinx prior to IVF. According to Fertility and Sterility, untreated hydrosalpinx makes IVF half as likely to be successful.

Salpingostomy
This procedure is performed when the end of the fallopian tube is blocked by hydrosalpinx. The surgeon creates a new opening in the fallopian tube entrance nearest the ovary. The success of this procedure is often temporary and often scar tissue reforms causing another blockage within 3-6 months of the procedure.

Fimbrioplasty
This option may be performed on women with damage to the fimbriae. If the fimbriae and its cilia are stuck together by scar tissue, which is preventing the ova from being picked up, a fimbrioplasty may be recommended. This procedure rebuilds the fimbriae. Very few doctors are experts in this type of procedure and medical insurance often does not cover the cost of this procedure. Fimbrioplasty is now recommended in select cases over salpingostomy, which has been shown to be less successful.

The above procedures have about a 20-30% pregnancy success rate.

Selective tubal cannulation
This procedure is performed for proximal tubal occlusion (where the tube meets the uterus). Guided by hysteroscopy or fluoroscopy, doctors insert a catheter through the cervix, uterus and into the fallopian tube. This is non surgical procedure and has a 60% pregnancy success rate.

Tubal ligation removal, known as tubal reanastomosis
Reversal of a tubal ligation is a surgical procedure that is done with the assistance of a microscope and is generally performed in a hospital setting or outpatient surgical facility. The surgeon removes the portion of the fallopian tube that was tied or cauterized in the original surgery and reattaches the two ends to make a complete tube. This procedure has a 75% pregnancy success rate.

During surgery doctors may clip away adhesions from the fallopian tubes, ovaries and uterus so the reproductive organs can move freely once again.

Risks for Fallopian Tube Surgery and Procedures

Regrowth of scar tissue and adhesion. Any kind of surgery runs the risk of these types of formations. The tubes may become blocked again or adhered to the abdominal wall, other parts of the reproductive organs, or other organs in the surrounding location, for example the bladder. Scar tissue may also form on other parts of the abdominal cavity, including the reproductive organs due to the surgical procedure.
Opening the abdomen runs the risk of pelvic infection.
There is a great risk for ectopic pregnancy.
While surgery is a common treatment for blocked fallopian tubes, there are natural options which can have great results without causing additional scar tissue to form.

Natural Therapies for Fallopian Tube Health
1. Fertility Cleansing

Fertility cleansing helps to cleanse the entire reproductive system and increase circulation to the reproductive organs. Starting your natural fallopian tube therapy should begin with fertility cleansing. The herbs in this cleanse are absorbed into the body and go to work where they are needed. Fertility Cleansing creates a “clean slate” within the body that helps the body to respond and utilize other natural remedies better.

2. Systemic Enzyme Therapy

Systemic Enzyme Therapy is a method for helping the body clear itself of excess tissue, breakdown scar tissues, cleanse the blood, increase circulation to the reproductive organs and reduce immunological response. Enzyme therapy consists of using systemic enzymes (enzymes naturally found in the body) to help the body reduce inflammation, occasional pain, reduce scar tissue build up and more. Traditionally systemic enzymes have been used by athletes to help them recover, elderly wanting to reduce the effects from arthritis, people suffering from autoimmune issues and the list goes on.

Systemic Enzyme Therapy may help to reduce the scar tissue that are blocking your fallopian tubes. Specific systemic enzymes help to eat away and reduces the fibrin (the material that makes up scar tissue) over time. This type of therapy is an extremely promising for helping to reducing scar tissue and inflammation.


3. Abdominal or Fertility Massage

Massage is another natural therapy that could help support fallopian tube health. Massage helps to increase circulation and break up adhesions. Massage provides a great non-intrusive option for women with blocked fallopian tubes.

There are three options for massage when it comes to supporting fallopian tube health. You can find a massage therapist who specializes in abdominal massage (or better yet visit Clear Passages for specialized fallopian tube treatment), you can book a consultation with a Mayan Abdominal Practitioner, or you can learn how to apply Self Fertility Massage™ at home.

Benefits of Massage for Fallopian Tube Health:

Helps the body to clear blocked fallopian tubes*
Massage helps to break up scar tissue*
Increased circulation aids in tissue elimination*
Helps to reduce inflammation*
Helps the body to loosen tight or twisted tissues*
Self Fertility Massage™
Self Fertility Massage™ is a series of massage techniques that are used to help support reproductive health, the menstrual cycle, and your fertility all from the comfort of your own home! This type of massage is easy to learn, perform and is cost effective!

One of the greatest benefits of massage is the ability to break up adhesions. Adhesions are comprised of scar tissue. These adhesions are what causes the fallopian tubes to become blocked, stuck together, stuck to other parts of the reproductive organs or other internal tissues of the body. Self Fertility Massage™ gently helps to break up adhesions while helping the body to get rid of the remaining tissues. The techniques used in Self Fertility Massage include massaging the fallopian tubes in addition to the uterus and ovaries. Massage provides a great non-intrusive option for women with blocked fallopian tubes.

Clear Passages Therapy
Clear Passages uses hands-on physical therapy techniques known as the Wurn Technique to unblock fallopian tubes. This technique is done without the use of drugs or surgery. There are many studies proving success of this technique for naturally unblocking the fallopian tubes. They have clinics in 5 locations in the United States and women from all over the world travel to be treated in their clinics.

According to a study published in Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine (2008), the Wurn Technique had a 61% success rate in opening blocked fallopian tubes that were totally blocked. The results of this therapy lasts many years in most cases, as compared to surgical procedures which usually regrow scar tissue and cause the fallopian tube/s to become blocked once again in approximately 6 months of the surgical procedure.

Clear Passages has success with their techniques in opening blocked fallopian tubes in women with…

Two completely blocked fallopian tubes
One blocked fallopian tube, one tube previously removed
Hydrosalpinx (fluid filled tube)
Distal end blockage (distal tubal occlusion, end near ovary)
The average cost of a 20 hour Clear Passages therapy session is $5,200.

The Arvigo Technique of Maya Abdominal Massage™
Developed by Dr. Rosita Arvigo, this holistic pelvic care approach uses techniques taught to Dr. Avigo by her mentor Don Elijio Panti, who was a Maya Shaman in Belize, Central America. Dr. Arvigo spent 10 years learning these ancient massage techniques. Thousands of practitioners around the world are trained and perform Maya Abdominal Massage™ in their clinics.

This type of massage has been found to work to loosen and aid the body in removal of old scar tissue and adhesion formation, which may be causing the reproductive organs to become stuck together, or to other parts of the internal body.

One session, depending on the amount of time spent cost anywhere from $70 to $100 per session. Prices may vary depending on the practitioner.

4. Castor Oil Therapy

Castor oil therapy has been used for centuries for helping with healing issues in the body and more specifically the reproductive system. By applying these packs externally, positive benefits have been found. A Castor Oil Pack is a cloth soaked in castor oil which is placed on the skin to enhance circulation and promote healing of the tissues and organs underneath the skin. Castor oil therapy assists fallopian tubes by helping to soften the tissues and increase circulation to the area.

Castor Oil packs promote healing to the reproductive system by stimulating circulation and triggering the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system is responsible for removing metabolic waste, old diseased cells and tissues. This is very important, especially if blocked fallopian tubes may have been caused by ectopic pregnancy, sexually transmitted disease (STD), infection from past surgery, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts or PID.

Castor oil is one of the only ways to stimulate the lymphatic system to move. The lymphatic system relies on us to get it to move. The heart runs our circulatory system, but exercise, dry brushing, some herbs and Castor Oil are some of the only ways to get the lymph to move. Castor Oil Packs heal underlying tissues very well, when used consistently over time. This therapy works great in conjunction with any type of fertility or abdominal massage therapy including Self Fertility Massage™.


5. Herbal Therapies

There are many herbs that have been traditionally used to help support fallopian tube health. Below are actions that herbal therapies may have and below that is a section on herbs that have been found to have those actions. We are looking at 4 key actions which work to reduce infection, inflammation, promote healthy circulation and work to support hormonal balance.

Antibiotic: The antibiotic acting herbs help to clear out any infection that may exist in the reproductive system or fallopian tubes. Supporting immune function with antibiotic herbs may be important if there is a history of PID, STD’s, abdominal surgery, or endometriosis.

Anti-inflammatory: Anti-inflammatory herbs help to reduce inflammation, which in turn reduces pain and works to reduce further scar tissue production. If inflammation persists in or around the fallopian tubes, scar tissue may form.

Circulatory: There are herbs that help to increase blood flow through the reproductive organs. Healthy circulation to the reproductive organs is vital to healing the fallopian tubes. This is because fresh healthy blood will bring in vital nutrients, enzymes and oxygen for healing cells. Once the cells have used up what they need and have renewed or have replaced old damaged or unhealthy cells, the metabolic waste (damaged tissues) is removed from the body.

Hormone Balancing: Remember that hormonal balance is essential for proper fallopian tube function. When working to support fallopian tube health, we always want to include some herbs that support hormonal balance.

-Goldenseal root (Hydrastis canadensis): This herb is extremely antibiotic, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory. It works to heal any infection in the reproductive system, while also reducing pain and inflammation from foreign tissue growth. Reduction in inflammation may help to prevent scar tissue and adhesion. Goldenseal may help to protect the fallopian tubes from damage due to an infection. Also supports health of mucous membranes.

-Ginger Root (Zingiber officinalis): A wonderful herb used to increase circulation and promote blood flow to the reproductive organs. The increased circulation also helps to reduce inflammation of the uterus, ovaries or fallopian tubes.

-Dong Quai root (Angelica sinensis): One of the best herbs for promoting circulation to the reproductive organs. Dong Quai acts on the circulatory system and lymphatic system reducing tissue congestion. It has both pain reducing and anti-inflammatory properties.

-Hawthorn (Crataegus officinale): Works to reduce abdominal congestion. Hawthorn is extremely high in antioxidants, improves the integrity of blood vessel wall, aids the body in proper oxygen use and improves blood flow.

-Peony Root (Paeonia officinalis): Peony has been found to aid in increasing progesterone levels, lower testosterone and balance estrogen. Overall this herb has excellent hormone balancing support. It also aids in pain reduction and relaxation.

-Wild Yam root (Dioscorea villosa): Helps to promote normal hormone levels and overall balance within the reproductive system.

-Uva Ursi (Arctostaphylos uva ursi): One of the best herbs to reduce fluid retention and congestion. This herb has been shown to be effective for combating vaginitis, due to its antimicrobial activity. Uva Ursi aids the body in removal of excess fluids for proper daily detoxification.


Blocked Tubes Q&A
Q: How will I know if my tubes are healed and unblocked or not?

A: Whether you have done natural treatments from home, Clear Passage Therapy or had a surgical procedure, the only way to find out if your tubes are still open is to have another hysterosalpingogram or chromotubation test performed. Hopefully you will already be pregnant with a healthy pregnancy by then and will not have to have further testing!

Q: Can natural therapies for blocked fallopian tubes heal twisted fallopian tubes, or tubes that are adhered (stuck) to other organs or tissues in the body? What about blocked fallopian tubes that have been blocked for many years?

A: Fallopian tubes that are severely damaged need special care. In those cases we would suggest you work with a specialist. A specialist will be able to evaluate your unique situation and determine the best possible course of care. Clear Passages is a great option for those who do not want surgery. In some cases, those where the fallopian tubes are severely twisted or stuck to other parts of the body, at-home therapies may not be completely effective and should not be relied on as the sole solution.

The longer the fallopian tissues have been damaged, the longer it may take to work to get them to function naturally again. It really depends on the extent of damage, including length of time. Your doctor should be able to help you determine this.

Q: Is it possible to naturally regrow the fimbriae and cilia once it is damaged by scar tissue?

A: There are no known at home natural therapies that are proven to regrow either the fimbriae or cilia, but it will not hurt to look into options that reduce scar tissue formation, promote circulation and protect cellular health (antioxidants). Fimbrioplasty is a surgical option to help reconstruct damaged fimbriae. Contacting Clear Passages is another option.

Q: Why don’t you suggest using herbal tampons for blocked fallopian tubes?

A: We find that the risk of infection and misuse of herbal tampons is greater than the benefits. Purchasing herbal tampons requires a woman to rely on her own self-care and understanding of use, if the tampons are contaminated or misused in any way, pathogens may be directly inserted into the vaginal canal, increasing the risk for infection.

We also find that many of the herbs used in herbal tampons are just as effective if taken orally. Herbal tampons are also sold at an unbelievable price for what they are, making other natural options more cost effective.

Summary
Blocked fallopian tubes are one of the main causes of infertility today. There are many natural options to help your body support normal fallopian tube function such as massage, enzymes and herbs. If you think you may have blocked fallopian tubes consult with your doctor so you can get an HSG test to determine if you have fallopian tube blockages. Once you have the diagnosis and location/severity of the blockages it will be easier to determine which route to take, whether it be a natural therapy or IVF.

The Vitamins You’ll Need To Conceive

Boost your fertility and get your body ready for the healthiest pregnancy possible with these vitamins.

Ever wonder if there’s something you should be getting more of now that you’re trying to get pregnant? Well, there are a few. According to Natalie Burger, MD, a fertility specialist at Texas Fertility Center, good nutrition can help you get pregnant and prep your body for baby. Here are the vitamins you should take:

Zinc: Newsflash: You _and _your partner should be getting plenty of zinc. Zinc contributes to ovulation and fertility in women and also semen and testosterone production in men, according to the American Pregnancy Association. “It has been noted that zinc deficiency can correlate with impaired sperm production,” says Burger. The Office of Dietary Supplements at the National Institutes of Health recommends that men receive a daily intake of 11 mg of zinc and women take 8 mg. Oysters have more zinc per serving than any other food, but you can also consume other foods rich in zinc like whole grains, other kinds of seafood, beans and dairy products.

Folic acid: This one is a must-have. The American Pregnancy Association recommends that all women of childbearing age consume about 400 micrograms of folic acid a day. Folic acid is a B-complex vitamin that is used by the body to create red blood cells. This vitamin makes extra blood for your body during pregnancy and it decreases the possibility of a  neural tube defect (a problem in baby’s spinal cord). Folic acid is the synthetic form of this vitamin, while folate is the naturally occurring form; both are okay to use. Since baby’s neural tube develops in the first few weeks of pregnancy, it’s important to be prepared. “Both zinc and folate are important in the synthesis of DNA and RNA,” says Burger. “Zinc and folate supplementation may benefit some male infertility cases.” You can get your daily intake of folic acid from citrus fruits, whole grains and leafy greens.

Multivitamins: If you’re already taking a multivitamin, you’re in good shape. If you’re not, start taking one now. “In a large study following over 18,000 women who were trying to get pregnant, researchers found a correlation between taking a multivitamin supplement and having a lower chance of ovulation problems,” says Burger.

Coenzyme Q10: Studies show that taking supplements of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) may help with both female and male infertility. “Preliminary animal data has suggested that the addition of CoQ10 may improve egg quality in ‘old’ mice,” says Burger. “The correlating human study is ongoing.” There is also evidence that CoQ10 can increase sperm count. According to the Mayo Clinic, CoQ10 is produced by the body and is necessary for the basic functioning of cells. For adults, the recommended daily dosage is 30 - 200 mg in divided doses throughout the day.

Omega 3 Free Fatty Acid: Take this essential fatty acid found in fish oil or certain plant or nut oils if you’re undergoing IVF treatments. Your body can’t make omega 3 fatty acid; you have to get it through food. “Increased omega 3 free fatty acid intake has been associated with improved embryo quality in an IVF study done in the Netherlands,” says Burger.

Iron: Start increasing the amount of  iron in your diet now if you are not getting enough. Women’s recommended iron intake is 18 mg a day, but pregnant women need around 27 mg daily. Iron is used to make hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying component of red blood cells. If your body doesn’t have enough iron, your body’s tissues and organs won’t get the oxygen they need to function properly. You can normally get this amount in your multivitamin, but you can also find iron in foods like red meat, tofu and dark leafy green vegetables.

Calcium: Nutrition experts recommend that women looking to get pregnant should consume around 1,000 mg a day, because when you do become pregnant your growing baby will need calcium. Actually, it’s also recommended that all adults between ages 19 and 50 consume that amount of calcium in order to form strong bones and prevent osteoporosis. That’s a crazy amount — even for a multivitamin! You can take a separate calcium supplement or take an over-the-counter prenatal formula. Working calcium into your diet isn’t a bad idea either: Drink lots of milk and eat leafy greens.

Vitamin B6: Take this vitamin now to head off  nasty pregnancy symptoms after you conceive. Research suggests that women who consumed at least 10 mg of vitamin B6 before they conceived reported less morning sickness than those who didn’t.

*Pass these to your partner:
*In addition to zinc and CoQ10, guys who are trying to conceive can also take the following vitamins to boost their fertility:

Antioxidants: Taking these supplements like vitamin C and vitamin E may help with fertility. “In a small Spanish study comparing fertile and infertile men, a low intake of antioxidant nutrients was associated with poor semen quality,” says Burger. You can take these vitamins in pill form or consume foods like oranges and strawberries (for vitamin C) and almonds and sunflower seeds (for vitamin E).

L-carnitine: “It’s a substance that serves as an energy source for sperm and it plays an important role in sperm maturation and metabolism,” says Burger. “The addition of L-carnitine may enhance sperm motility in some male factor infertility cases.” You can get L-carnitine in supplement form.

Source: TheBump
Source-link:  http://www.thebump.com/a/vitamins-you-need-to-conceive

Premature Menopause

In the U.S., the average age of onset for "natural" menopause is 51. However, because of genetics, illness, or medical procedures, some women go through menopause before the age of 40. Menopause that occurs before this age, whether natural or induced, is known as "premature" menopause.

In addition to dealing with hot flashes, mood swings, and other symptoms that accompany menopause, many women undergoing premature menopause have to cope with additional physical and emotional concerns. For example, because menopause signals the end of a woman's fertile years, a woman who wishes to get pregnant is likely to have trouble.

What Are the Symptoms of Premature Menopause?
Symptoms of premature menopause are often the same as those experienced by women undergoing natural menopause and may include:


Irregular or missed periods
Periods that are heavier or lighter than usual
Hot flashes (a sudden feeling of warmth that spreads over the upper body)
These symptoms are a sign that the ovaries are producing less estrogen.

Along with the above symptoms, some women may experience:

Vaginal dryness (the vagina may also become thinner and less flexible)
Bladder irritability and worsening of loss of bladder control (incontinence)
Emotional changes (irritability, mood swings, mild depression)
Dry skin, eyes, or mouth
Sleeplessness
Decreased sex drive
In addition to the symptoms listed above, if you are under the age of 40 and experience any of the following conditions, you should see your doctor to determine whether you are undergoing premature menopause:

You have undergone chemotherapy or radiation
You or a family member has an autoimmune disorder such as hypothyroidism, Graves' disease, or lupus
You have unsuccessfully tried to become pregnant for more than a year
Your mother or sister experienced premature menopause
How Is Premature Menopause Diagnosed?
To diagnose premature menopause, your doctor will most likely perform a physical exam and draw blood to rule out other conditions, such as pregnancy and thyroid disease. He or she may also order a test to measure your estradiol levels. Low levels of estradiol, a form of estrogen, can indicate that your ovaries are starting to fail. When estradiol levels are below 30, it may signal that you are in menopause.

However, the most important test used to diagnose premature menopause is a blood test that measures follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). FSH causes your ovaries to produce estrogen. When your ovaries slow down their production of estrogen, your levels of FSH increase. When your FSH levels rise above 40 mIU/mL, it usually indicates that you are in menopause.

Are There Other Health Issues That Affect Women in Premature Menopause?
Like all menopausal women, women in premature menopause experience lowered estrogen levels as the ovaries stop most of their production of this hormone. Low levels of estrogen can lead to changes in a woman's overall health and may increase her risk for certain medical conditions, such as osteoporosis. Other health risks associated with the loss of estrogen include increased risk for colon and ovarian cancer, periodontal (gum) disease, tooth loss, and cataract formation.

However, compared with women who go through natural menopause, women undergoing premature menopause spend a greater portion of their lives without the protective benefits of their own estrogen. This puts them at an even greater risk for the above mentioned menopause-related health problems.


How Is Premature Menopause Treated?
The symptoms and health risks of premature menopause, as well as the emotional issues that may result from it, can be managed with the methods similar to those used for natural menopause. Women dealing with infertility that is brought on by premature menopause may want to discuss their options with their doctor or with a reproductive specialist.

Can Premature Menopause Be Reversed?
Not usually. Once menopause has set in, it is unlikely to be reversed.

WebMD Medical Reference

Can a Woman Become Pregnant During Her Period?

It's a common misconception that if a woman has sex during her period she cannot become pregnant. While a woman is unlikely to get pregnant during her period, it is absolutely possible.

Defining a Period

"A period is defined as the blood loss that happens at the end of an ovulatory cycle, as the result of an egg not being fertilized by a sperm," explains Michele Hakakha, M.D., a board-certified obstetrician and gynecologist based in Los Angeles and co-author of Expecting 411: Clear Answers and Smart Advice for Your Pregnancy.

"Every month, a woman releases an egg on approximately day 14 of her cycle," Dr. Hakakha says. "Prior to the release of the egg, the hormones in a woman's body increase to prepare (and thicken) the lining of the uterus in case the egg is fertilized and a pregnancy occurs. If there is no fertilization, the lining of the uterus is sloughed off about 14 days later. This is called your period."

Most women have periods that last from two days to eight days and take place every 26 to 34 days. Ovulation (when an egg is released from one of your ovaries) typically occurs midway through the cycle and is the most fertile time in your menstrual cycle -- meaning, when you are most likely to conceive.

"The egg that is released during the process of ovulation survives for only 24 hours," explains Dr. Hakakha. "If it is not fertilized by a sperm during this time, it does not survive and comes out with all of the menstrual blood about 14 days later."

Most women have normal 28- to 32-day cycles, and if someone with this cycle has an average two- to eight-day period, she will not get pregnant during her period.

Special Circumstances

However, not every woman follows a 28- to 32-day cycle. "In less common scenarios, a woman with a shorter menstrual cycle (24 days, for example), could have seven days of bleeding, have intercourse on her final day of bleeding, and ovulate three days later," Dr. Hakakha says. "Since sperm live for three to five days, she could definitely get pregnant."

In addition, some women experience breakthrough spotting or bleeding between periods. This can occur during ovulation and be mistaken for a period, making it difficult to establish the exact place in the menstrual cycle.

If you had unprotected sex during your period and are concerned that you may be pregnant, look out for symptoms like mild lower abdominal cramping, spotting (implantation spotting, a fairly common cause of bleeding once the egg has been fertilized), breast tenderness and moodiness. These symptoms can occur as early as two weeks after ovulation.

Other, more common, pregnancy symptoms to watch out for will manifest closer to six or seven weeks' gestation, and include nausea, vomiting and severe fatigue.

Copyright 2011 Meredith Corporation.

Breast and Nipple Discharge: What It Could Mean

In this article
What is normal and what is abnormal nipple discharge?
What might cause normal nipple discharge?
What causes abnormal nipple discharge and can it be noncancerous?
What is the connection between nipple discharge and breast cancer?

For women who aren't breastfeeding, the sight of nipple discharge can be alarming. But if you notice discharge from your nipple, there's no reason to panic. While nipple discharge can be serious, in most cases, it's either normal or due to a minor condition.

Still, if you are not nursing, you should contact your health care provider any time you notice breast discharge. Based upon your symptoms and the results of diagnostic tests, your doctor will decide on the best course of treatment.

What is normal and what is abnormal nipple discharge?
Bloody nipple discharge is never normal. Other signs of abnormality include nipple discharge from only one breast and discharge that occurs spontaneously without anything touching, stimulating, or irritating your breast.

Color isn't usually helpful in deciding if the discharge is normal or abnormal. Both abnormal and normal nipple discharge can be clear, yellow, white, or green in color.

Normal nipple discharge more commonly occurs in both nipples and is often released when the nipples are compressed or squeezed. Some women who are concerned about breast secretions may actually cause it to worsen. They do this by repeatedly squeezing their nipples to check for nipple discharge. In these instances, leaving the nipples alone for a while may help the condition to improve.

Based on your medical evaluation, your doctor will determine whether your nipple discharge is normal (physiologic) or abnormal (pathologic). Even if your doctor determines your breast discharge is abnormal, keep in mind that most pathological conditions that cause nipple discharge are not serious and are easily treated.

What might cause normal nipple discharge?
Some causes of normal nipple discharge include:

Pregnancy. In the early stages of pregnancy, some women notice clear breast discharge coming from their nipples. In the later stages of pregnancy, this discharge may take on a watery, milky appearance.

Stopping breastfeeding. Even after you have stopped nursing your baby, you may notice that a milk-like breast discharge persists for a while.

Stimulation. Nipples may secrete fluid when they are stimulated or squeezed. Normal nipple discharge may also occur when your nipples are repeatedly chafed by your bra or during vigorous physical exercise, such as jogging.

What causes abnormal nipple discharge and can it be noncancerous?
A number of noncancerous conditions can cause nipple discharge.

If your initial medical evaluation indicates the discharge is abnormal, your doctor may ask for more tests. The tests will help determine the underlying condition that's causing the problem and may include one or more of the following:

Laboratory analysis of the discharge
Blood tests
Mammogram and/or ultrasound of one or both breasts
A brain scan
Surgical excision and analysis of one or more ducts in your nipple

Possible causes of abnormal discharge include:

Fibrocystic breast changes. Fibrocystic refers to the presence or development of fibrous tissue and cysts. Fibrocystic changes in your breasts may cause lumps or thickenings in your breast tissue. They do not indicate, though, the presence of cancer. In addition to causing pain and itching, fibrocystic breast changes can, at times, cause secretion of clear, white, yellow, or green nipple discharge.

Galactorrhea. It might sound scary. But galactorrhea simply describes a condition in which a woman's breast secretes milk or a milky nipple discharge even though she is not breastfeeding. Galactorrhea is not a disease and has many possible causes. These include:
Pituitary gland tumors
Certain medications, including some hormones and psychotropic drugs
Some herbs, such as anise and fennel
Hypothyroidism
Illegal drugs, including marijuana

Infection. Nipple discharge that contains pus may indicate an infection in your breast. This is also known as mastitis. Mastitis is usually seen in women who are breastfeeding. But it can develop in women who are not lactating. If you have an infection or abscess in your breast, you may also notice that your breast is sore, red, or warm to the touch.

Mammary duct ectasia. This is the second most common cause of abnormal nipple discharge. It is typically seen in women who are approaching menopause. This condition results in inflammation and possible blockage of ducts located underneath the nipple. When this occurs, an infection may develop that results in thick, greenish nipple discharge.

Intraductal papilloma. These are noncancerous growths in the ducts of the breast. They are the most common reason women experience abnormal nipple discharge. When they become inflamed, intraductal papillomas may result in nipple discharge that contains blood or is sticky in texture.

What is the connection between nipple discharge and breast cancer?
Most nipple discharge is either normal or caused by a benign medical condition. There are instances, though, when discharge from the breast may be a symptom of some forms of breast cancer. This likelihood is greater if your nipple discharge is accompanied by a lump or mass within the breast or if you have had an abnormal mammogram.

One form of breast cancer that may cause breast discharge is intraductal carcinoma. This cancer develops within the ducts of the breast located beneath the nipple.

Another rare form of breast cancer that may result in nipple discharge is Paget's disease. This condition develops in the ducts of the breast and then moves to the nipple. It may cause the nipple and the surrounding areola to bleed or ooze. Paget's disease usually occurs with another form of breast cancer.


Source: WebMD
Reviewed by Traci C. Johnson, MD, FACOG on September 22, 2014

What Is Implantation Bleeding?

If you see light bleeding -- small pink or brown spots -- in your underwear and you think you might be pregnant, it could be implantation bleeding. That happens 6 to 12 days after conception, and you may mistake it for your regular period.

It’s actually an early sign of pregnancy. It’s not dangerous, and you don’t need treatment.

Heavy bleeding (more than a typical period) is cause for concern, though. Contact your doctor if you have this alone or combined with fever, chills, or cramps that get worse.

Cause

After a sperm fertilizes your egg, they become an embryo. It then travels to the uterus, where it implants itself into the lining.

Sometimes, as the embryo attaches, it causes a little bleeding. This doesn't cause any problems for the baby that will develop.

Symptoms

The blood may be lighter in color and flow than what you see during your period. Mild cramping is common.

This bleeding tends to happen sooner than you'd notice morning sickness.

Treatment

It will stop on its own. If you're worried that you've bled a lot, call your doctor. He may want to know how much you saw in your underwear and what color it was.

Other Causes of Bleeding

Pregnant women can bleed for reasons other than implantation. If it’s heavy plus with or without pain or cramping at any time, call your doctor.

If you’re pregnant and you see blood, it may be caused by:

Sex. Sometimes this happens early on, although it can happen at any time during pregnancy. Hormone changes in your body may be to blame. It should stop on its own.

Ectopic pregnancy. This is when an embryo implants outside of the uterus. You may have bleeding with pain and cramps. It’s dangerous, and you need to see a doctor right away.

Miscarriage. About 15% of known pregnancies end during the first few months. Most women bleed and cramp afterward. Call your doctor right away if you know you're pregnant and you have these symptoms.

Source: WebMd